The Basics: Understanding Computer Components

Whether you are just adding or upgrading computer components in the one you have, want to buy a ready-made computer, or decide to build your own, you need to know about the parts, and what options you have.

This detailed computer parts list will show you what’s required, what’s recommended, and what’s optional.

Each linked component leads to another page on this site which provides more information, including the type of part you need to avoid hardware conflicts, as well as provide the ability to upgrade in the future.

If you want a short list of parts with a little info to get you started, you can read this short guide to cheap computer parts.


For a more comprehensive idea of what you need and why, start here:

Required Computer Parts:

You literally cannot build a computer, and use it, without these parts, so make sure you get them.

You can also get kits to build a computer where some of these parts are already included. If you buy a kit, double check the list of parts included, so you know what other items you still need to get:

• Computer Case
• Power Supply
• Motherboard
• Processor (CPU) with heatsink/fan
• RAM
• Hard drive
• Graphics/Video Card
• PCI Cards
• USB slots
• CD Drive
• Monitor
• Mouse
• Keyboard
• Operating System for computer
• Computer tools or tool kit
• Extra connectors/screws
• IDE cables

Recommended Computer Parts:

These components aren’t required, but are highly recommended so you can fully enjoy your new home-built computer for a long time:

• Antistatic wrist band or floor mat
• Computer tool kit
• Ethernet Card a/k/a Network Interface Card
• Audio / Sound Card
• Speakers
• Power protection - surge protectors
• Modem
• Zip Drive, Flash Memory or other storage / backup device
• Printer
• Protective software for virus protection and enhanced security

Optional Computer Parts & Accessories:

These items are optional components and accessories; they can double the fun, and sometimes the life, of your new computer … do consider them if you want to expand your horizons!

• Floppy Drive
• Extra Cooling Fans
• DVD Drive
• Headphones
• Scanner
• WebCam
• Digital Camera with Photo Printer
• PDA (personal digital assistant facts)
• FireWire/i.Link

We've shopped around a lot trying to find the best prices on hardware computer components and found TigerDirect has the most complete list of new computer parts, where you can place an online order fast, secure, and with the best deals of all the stores available.

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